The angular dependent magnetoresistance oscillation (ADMRO) of the stage-2 IBr GRAPHITE INTERCALATION COMPOUND (GIC) was studied between 1.8 K and 110 K in magnetic fields between 1 and 9 T. There was a series of peaks in the c-axis resistance as the field direction was changed from the c axis to the (001) plane. The field independence of the angular positions of the peaks, showing that the oscillation is not from the Shubnikov-de Haas effect, and the presence of the oscillation at high temperatures indicate that the effect is semiclassic. The location and the relative amplitudes of the peaks show that the ADMRO in this COMPOUND does not follow the predictions for the symmetrical corrugation model of the cylindrical Fermi surface. The reason is attributed to the presence of two cylindrical Fermi surfaces and zone folding of the Fermi surface by the periodicity of the IBr lattice in this COMPOUND.

Effluent, containing toxic and hazardous wastes, discharged by industries has been an eye-catching issue for researchers over the past few years. Mainly, this hazardous waste incorporates a large variety of dyes, chemicals, and traces of heavy metals. This work focuses on the treatment of industrial wastewater using the adsorption technique for GRAPHITE INTERCALATION COMPOUND (GIC) as an adsorbent. NyexTM 1000, a commercial adsorbent with a surface area of 1.0 m2/g, offering a Bulk density of 0.88 g/cm3 and Pore diameter of 133 Å respectively, was utilized to remediate an industrial contaminant. A GIC adsorbent was found to reduce COD by about 90% i.e., 150 mg/L to 10 mg/L. The outcome of this research has revealed that GRAPHITE INTERCALATION COMPOUND (GIC) as an adsorbent is suitable for the reduction of COD from industrial effluent. Kinetic studies reveal adsorbent surface heterogeneity is increased and multilayer adsorption was observed. 6 cyclic adsorption studies were performed by regenerating the adsorbent 5 times consecutively. The GIC adsorbent was regenerated via an electrochemical reactor and has shown a significant regeneration efficiency of more than 99%. The electrochemical reactor was integrated with a solar energy system to make the process cost-effective.

In this article, the effect of GRAPHITE on iron-silicon interactions was investigated. It was found that, as GRAPHITE enters the iron structure, it permits further development of iron-silicon reactions. It was found that in the stoichiometric ratio of 1:0.5 of iron and silicon, when GRAPHITE is added to the system, simultaneously with the reaction of iron and silicon to form Fe3Si5, some amount of carbon can be dissolved in the iron and lead to more diffusion in iron and more iron silicide production. Silicon also reacts with carbon and produces SiC. The more amount of carbon entered into the system, the more growth of SiC occurs, while the production of other iron silicide phases, namely FeSi and Fe3Si preceded. Finally diffused carbon into the iron reaches a definite amount that can form Fe3C. In the stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 of iron and silicon, the formation of FeSi and SiC phases is observable. At the same time, the diffusion of carbon occurs in the same as the previous stoichiometric ratio. In the stoichiometric ratio of 1:2 of iron and silicon, compared with the stoichiometric ratio of 1:1, a larger amount of silicon is available and, the FeSi2 phase can form in addition to FeSi

Synthesis of novel lariat ethers containing polycyclic phenols and heterocyclic aromatic COMPOUND using GRAPHITE via Mannich reaction are herein described. For this purpose N-(methoxymethyl) azacrown ether 4 was synthesized in nearly quantitative yield. The reaction of N-(methoxymethyl) azacrown ether 4 with polycyclic phenols and heterocyclic aromatic COMPOUND was performed in 10-20 min in the presence of GRAPHITE. The GRAPHITE powder can be reused up to five times after simple washing with acetone.

In this paper a chemical method applied to synthesize exfoliated GRAPHITE (EG) is presented. In this method GRAPHITE INTERCALATION COMPOUND (GIC) was firstly synthesized by chemical treatment of GRAPHITE flakes using a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids followed by thermal shock of GIC at 1000°C to produce EG. The bulk density of synthesized EG was found to be as low as 4.5 kg/m3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used for identification and characterization of different materials. According to the XRD observations, the GIC was identified as GRAPHITE bisulfate with stage 2, and residue GIC and EG had nearly the same diffraction pattern, but with distinctly lower intensity. In accordance with SEM results the residue GRAPHITE bisulfate was swelled in comparison with the GRAPHITE flake. The oil sorption capacity of synthesized EG in this work was studied by common static and dynamic tests and compared with other sorbents. The results show the superior capability of EG for oil spill cleanup.

Recently, there exists a discrepancy on the lithium ion de-INTERCALATION mechanism for LiCoPO4 electrode. In the present work, the study was focused upon exploring the origin of this discrepancy by studying the dependence of the impedance spectrum on the state of charge and the carbon content. For the pure LiCoPO4 electrode, the two plateaus in the charge curve are at 4.82 and 4.92 V. We have also studied the variation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopies (EISs) with the state of charge. The EIS measurement has shown that the total interfacial resistance increases as the state of charge increases for the pure LiCoPO4 electrode. If higher content of sucrose was added in the precursor (this implies higher carbon content in the synthesized sample), only one potential plateau can be found in the charge curve. For this electrode, the total interfacial resistance decreases with the state of charge. Especially, the total interfacial resistance has a dramatic decrease when the state of charge increases from 20% to 40%. It is believed that the influence of carbon impurity on the variation tendency of the EIS pattern may reflect the change of the fine structure. For the pure LiCoPO4 electrode, the intermediate phase is Li0.20~0.45 CoPO4.